Why Do Animals Become Endangered - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1295 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Environment Essay Level High school Tags: Endangered Species Essay Did you like this example? Throughout the years different species of animals have existed, many have come and go. Years ago there were various species. Many dont exist anymore and some have never even been heard of. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Do Animals Become Endangered?" essay for you Create order As time goes by species continue to go endangered and extinct faster and faster every time. Each year ecosystems, habitats and species are added to the endangered list. The increase in endangered species is a big issue that raises concern because every species provides something that all humans need. For example, bees are responsible for more than half of the food that is consumed worldwide. Actions to prevent this issue from continuing to skyrocket need to happen and there are a few things that people can do to help prevent new species from being added to the list and to help those that are already on the list. There are various reasons as to why animals are endangered, there are actions taking place to help reduce this issue but there are also things that everyone can do to help reduce this problem. There are few solutions that are offered in order to help species in their environments but they are only temporary. In the article titled, Endangered Species, Ecosystem Integrity, and Human Livelihoods, the author Aburto-Oropeza states, The behavior of quick-fix-type management, in which longer term environmental degradation is not addressed, vast sums of money are invested, and social well-being left unconsidered is by no means sustainable. (Aburto-Oropeza) As this quote states, sometimes there are fixes that are implemented but they dont really offer a solution because they only work for a short period of time. There is nothing set in place that can guarantee the safety of these species in a long term period of time. When new establishments want to be built, or people want to go out fishing or hunting there are regulations set in place in order to attempt to protect animals and their habitats but theyre not always successful. The article, Endangered Species, Ecosystem Integrity, and Human Livelihoods states, Successful management, on the other hand, should be focused on longer term goals with minimal or zero governmental subsidies (Sumaila Pauly 2007), and no additional risk to the integrity of local ecosystems. (Aburto-Oropeza) Having successful regulations for this issue would mean that no habitats or ecosystems are destroyed in the making of new buildings or in fishing or hunting but sadly that isnt the case. Ecosystems and habitats are constantly being destroyed while these regulations are in place, which goes to show how much work still has to be done in order to save the animals that are have left. However there are some things being done successfully. For example, there are now acts and laws set in place in order to ensure a bit more safety for animals, such as the U.S Endangered Species Act which focuses on preventing extinction of animals from the endangered list, however, even this is not enough. In the article Consistent Extinction Risk Assessment under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, the author Boyd, Charlotte states, Identifying species at risk of extinction is essential for effective prioritization of conservation actions in the face of accelerating biodiversity loss (Butchart; Boyd). Listing decision depend on science-based risk assessment and policy decisions about societys willingness to tolerate risks. (Boyd) In order to give certain species attention there needs to be some kind of prioritizing system set in place, which the act provides but this leads to some species becoming extinct because of the fact that not all of the species can get the attention they need in the time necessary. The article, Consistent Extinction Risk Assessment under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, states, Nevertheless, allowing populations to fall below critically low abundance thresholds may lead to a sharp reduction in the chances of recovery while the costs of recovery efforts increase. (Boyd) This explains how even when species that are on the list or at high risk get all the attention needed it is possible that recovering them can become very expensive. The best way to avoid losing these animals is to prevent them from becoming endangered in the first place. Things that can be done are simple, for example, not littering, not hunting or fishing for fun, if one is going to build a home or a structure follow the regulations to avoid destroying an ecosystem, simple things like these can go a long way. According to the website www.worldwildlife.org there are a lot of endangered species and within the species specific kinds of animals are dying. For example there about nineteen species that are critically endangered, twenty eight endangered, eight species threatened and eighteen vulnerable to endangerment. These species are crucial to the environment and survival of humans. For example, bees are crucial to the environment, livelihood and the majority of the food production worldwide but they are endangered. Some species are at higher risks and some are new to the list, nonetheless, it is urgent that they are protected. The U.S Endangered Species Act has played a crucial role in conserving these species that are vital to survival, which makes protecting it very necessary, according to the world wildlife website this act is the most effective law to prevent extinction. According to the www.worldwildlife.org website under How to help and Follow these green tips, there are a number of things that can be done to help. For example, when doing laundry use the low setting to save water and use cold water to wash clothes in order to save up to eighty percent of energy required to wash clothes. By saving water and reducing the use of energy, the overuse of elements from habitats is minimized, therefore protecting ecosystems and the animals living in them. Another thing to do is switching light bulbs from incandescent light bulbs to a compact fluorescent light in order to save 150 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. This limits the amount of excess carbon dioxide that can become harmful and even deadly to animals and damage habitats. By purchasing fresh, local food one can reduce the amount of oil used in transportation of the food. This can reduce the amount of oil that is dumped into the oceans and kill thousands of animals at a time. Using reusable grocery bags reduces the amount of plastic that ends up in the ocean. Plastic is a big issue animals consume it believing it is food, some marine life end up tangled in plastic traps, for example, plastic holders from sodas or juices. Making sure faucets dont leak in your home or making sure windows are properly sealed maintains the use of water and energy to the minimum. Recycling is one of the best things one can do to help protect ecosystems, habitats and animals. Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 7,000 gallons of water, 3 cubic yards of landfill space and 4,100 kilowatt-hours of electricity. When washing dishes at home by hand close the tap when s crubbing the dishes. Also, use a microwave ovens instead regular ovens because they are about 95% more energy-efficient. Taking shorter showers reduces saves water and using less paper reduces the amount of trees having to be cut in order to produce more paper. These are only a few things that one can do to preserve natural habitats and ecosystems and protect animals. Now a days this is a topic that had been addressed more and more, with good reason. Although it may not be completely obvious how animals contribute to life in general, it is crucial that they are protected because the more animals that become extinct the more the human livelihood decreases. The food, the environment, the views, the air, everything would be harmed in ways that could become impossible to fix.

Essay On A Day At School - 759 Words

â€Å"Ouch† I yelped for the third time. But the elbow that had poked me, darted back under a canvas. I sighed as I put down my paintbrush coated in yellow. I loved art, but lately it had been tiring to sit down and focus. â€Å" Come on Neena†said my best friend Ana. Ana was also the one that had been poking me with her elbow. â€Å"You could at least try something new once in awhile† she said. â€Å"Fine† I replied. â€Å"Maybe Ill go ask Ms. Zana if I could go to photography with you for a couple months.† After class, Ana dragged me by the arm towards the door of the classroom. She was about to open it when we realized that there were voices coming from inside the room. â€Å"How am I supposed to tell them that Im leaving,† we heard Ms. Zana voice say.†¦show more content†¦In fact, it had been really hard convincing her to do this class with me at the beginning of the school year. She had wanted to go to this summer camp where you basically spent the entire day, outdoors. â€Å"Come on Neena , we only ever do things that you like, never things that I do† I remembered saying. Suddenly everything came back in a flash, and I remembered the conversation that had just occurred. I rushed forward to Ana. â€Å"Wait up!,† I called. Ana whipped her head behind her and muttered â€Å"what do you want† Several different thoughts rushed through my head, but I felt none of them were good enough to apologize for what I had done. â€Å"Well† Ana snapped as she started to walk back down the bumpy sidewalks. â€Å"Wait!† I called once more not wanting to fully lose my best friend. â€Å"Ana sighed and stopped walking. She took off her jacket and laid it on the edge of the sidewalk, making room for the two of us to sit down. Perched on the edge of a sidewalk, we stared in silence at the trees blowing in the autumn wind, back and forth. â€Å"Can we just forget?,† asked Ana. â€Å"Forget about what?† I asked Ana, who was twiddling her thumbs nervously. â€Å"Everything, well just go back to being best friends, after all, its what weve always been? â€Å"Fine I said exhaling† â€Å"Hot chocolate?† Ana asked with a grin. â€Å"You go ahead,† I said, Ill just get something from across theShow MoreRelatedSchool Day Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesModern day education has been plagued by its past, and the only way to fix this issue is to find effective ways to bring education into the present. Many decades ago the problem of school, for students, was rooted behind work. Farming families relied on their children to help on the farm and to prepare for harvest. This instigated reform in schools nationwide, causing the school day to be shorter to allow kids to work. This narrative is becoming non-existent in today’s society, and student’s educationsRead MoreEssay on A Day in School Life692 Words   |  3 PagesA Day in School Life The day begins with a high-pitched yell, moooooooorninnnnng from my mother. I wake up tired with a headache as I think I have a cold. I rush to leave the house, my father complains about the lack of urgency in my movement by shouting out the time every five minutes. There is not enough time to drink my tea; the tea burns my tongue as I gulp it down my throat, leaving a nasty taste. I ran as fast as I can towards my bus stop. Upon arriving I realizeRead More the first days of school Essay609 Words   |  3 Pages In this first unit of The First Days of School, Harry Wong presents three characteristics of an effective teacher. The three characteristics are: has good classroom management skills, teaches for mastery, and has positive expectations for student success. The effective teacher exhibits positive expectations for all students. Having positive expectations simply means that the teacher believes in the student and that the student can learn. Students will live up to the expectations you set, and toRead More Longer School Days Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesLonger School Days Schools are so much a part of our society, so the accurate length of school days is extremely important. Public opinions on the length of the school days are different. There are a lot of parents and professors concerned that it is hard for children to go to school early in the morning and stay there the whole day. On the other side, some professors try to force students into a nine hour school day. Not so many years ago, school was a main part of my life, and the schoolRead MoreEssay on The First Day of School1265 Words   |  6 Pageshead. I sluggishly pulled myself out of my bed and dragged myself to my closet. The words, first day of school moaned ghastly in my head. Summer was uneventful and school was just going to be hell. I picked out an old, worn out flannel and a pair of jeans to wear. Not rushing at all, I struggled to put the raggedy clothes on. They smelt like horrendous lies and rumors. Exactly what this state and my school are built on. The kitchen was empty, signaling that I was the only one awake. I looked inRead MoreEssay about school days1500 Words   |  6 Pagescoming to the end of high school and to the beginning of my college education, it scares me to death. Going to school has been one of my biggest priorities and the most routine part of my life for the past thirteen years. I have many more years to get through, but the years that I spent in elementary school and junior high were the most memorable. I have learned so much since then, it has made me a different person today. I have so many memories from my earlier years in school. I especially rememberRead MoreDescriptive Essay About School Day847 Words   |  4 Pagesfor herself and her two younger siblings. The middle one doesn’t finally get up until 10 minutes before he’s scheduled to walk out the door. By the time I manage to get everyone up and where they’re supposed to go (the oldest driving my middle to school, my younges t dropped in daycare) I’m 15 minutes behind schedule. I take the 45 min drive to work and face a room full of chaotic 2nd graders for a hefty 7 hours before staying after for another 2 to help the other faculty and then taking another 45Read MoreFirst day of high school essay1086 Words   |  5 Pages My First Day of High School â€Å"Beep, Beep, Beep!† 6:00 A.M my alarm clock was activated, it was time for me to get ready and prepared myself for my first day of High School as a freshman student in Piscataway Vo – Tech High School. Fear, excitement, and all of these different emotions were running through my head as I wondered how difficult high school would be, who I would sit with at lunch time or if I would be able to memorize my locker combination. My first day of high school as a freshmanRead MoreEssay My First Day At School1032 Words   |  5 PagesMy first day of school was a mess. I woke up, got dressed, brushed my hair, ate breakfast and then brushed my teeth. I packed my bag and got ready to wait for the bus. I was so scared. I had so many thoughts running through my mind all at once. As I walked outside I saw the bus pulling on the end of street, my heart was racing. As the bus approached I stepped on and picked the closest empty seat available. The bus was quite yet at the same ti me I heard people talking. A few minutes later I just decidedRead MoreDescriptive Essay About School Day1727 Words   |  7 PagesAs an eight hour school day, filled with laughter and joy as I spent time with my friends, whizzed by, I walked towards my bus. Looking around I could see everything from birds gliding in the wind, their feathers glistening in the sunlight, to spiders in the bushes, working tirelessly to spin their magnificently intricate masterpiece of a web. The trees are starting to change from a vibrant green, to a light yellow, to a deep orange, and finally, to a bloody red. The contrast of all the awe-inspiring

Make-believe plays Free Essays

Make-believe plays are fundamental and vital elements in the overall development of the child. These are fantasy or imaginary plays in children usually between ages two and six, in which children practise their acquired knowledge of every day life and activities; they begin to play roles and mimic adult behavior as ways of thinking over what they have seen older people around them do. These plays contribute to the mental and emotional developments of children. We will write a custom essay sample on Make-believe plays or any similar topic only for you Order Now Really all the developmental tendencies of the child are condensed in the plays. Make believe plays contribute to the formation of schemata; creating a mirror through which they see and interpret events and human interactions within the locality. In this way, the imaginative ability of this child is built. Apart from this, these fantasies plays help in their intellects and learning. Children who engage in them tend to envision imaginary things easier, they can create understanding pictures faster and their learning speed is faster. This is simply because these plays help develop their thinking and imaginary faculties, and learning is more pleasurable. Besides, role taking and sharing in these plays create a sense of belonging; this is the foundation for every human relationship. Although, they start first as solitary actor/actress, they soon realize the need to involve others. This helps them to understand the place of involving other people in their daily activities and achievements. This creates a connection between children. This way, a viable social life is incorporated to the growth process of the child, and this would continue into adulthood. Children use these means to try behaviors. They test what they have learnt and seen. This helps them master such and create a feeling of control over such. However, there are unfavorable concepts as death, fear, rejection, injury, incorporated into their plays, with a view to expressing such; thus, they develop significant control over these formidable threats.[Singer, 1996] Indeed, make-believe play is a creative way by which children develop their mental state, test their knowledge of life, try out behaviors and emotions, and engage in conversations with others. It is an essential part of their development. REFERENCES Singer, Dorothy, coauthor of The House of Make-Believe: Children’s Play and the Developing Imagination    How to cite Make-believe plays, Essay examples

Understanding Digital Marketing Consumers

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Digital Marketing Consumers. Answer: Introduction The recent growth in digital marketing is improving the usage of the digital devices. The business companies are restructuring their marketing analytics in order to achieve successive platform in this competitive market (Jrvinen Karjaluoto, 2015). The study highlights the digital marketing processes maintained by Abt Electronics, which is one of the most successful family business based in Chicago (Abt Electronics, 2017). This single-location business sells the electronics and appliances to the customers. In fact, the company has the online presence through which it receives the significant supports from the digital customers. Apart from the online presence, the company even has a beautiful store with tremendous selection. Justification for Customer Analytic The company is much concerned about the high quality customer services. Abt electronics is always connected to the customers through e-mail and social channels. Moreover, the company has been paying attention to the programmatic process to improve the quality of the services. Apart from this, the company is paying the attention towards more innovative processes to create the customer buzz in a significant way (Abt Electronics, 2017). The company has tied up with the federal government in selling the appliances. It is notified that the customers would receive $6.5 million in rebates in purchasing of Energy Saver appliances between 15th April to 25th April (Abt.com, 2017). This rebate from the federal government is the unique strategy that the company has been utilizing for satisfying the customer base. The company is thus now focusing on establishing some of the marketing objectives that will be beneficial for strengthening the brand identity in the digital market. Marketing Objectives The company has set several marketing objectives to ensure the strengthened and competitive position in the digital market. The company is introducing the high quality electronic apparels for the digital customers based in US. The major marketing objectives set by the company are as follows: To create a greater brand awareness of the electronic apparel To achieve almost 10% of the customer base in a year To ensure almost 5% of the market share for one year The marketing objectives is focusing on the specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time bound process to accomplish the determined goal (Holliman Rowley, 2014). The objectives are specified below: S- Specific This is specific because 1) The business needs to introduce the quality product to enhance brand awareness 2) The business can achieve the customer base by providing high quality electronic products. M-Measurable This is measurable because 1) The supports from the customers will enhance brand awareness 2) The customer would prefer to purchase the quality apparel that will reach up to 10% in a year. 3) The involvement of the customers would help in achieving 5% market share in a year. A- Attainable It is attainable because 1) The quality product can enhance the brand awareness. 2) The customers would prefer to purchase high quality apparel through digital market 3) It will increase the market share if the costs will be incurred. R- Realistic It is realistic because 1) Brand awareness can strengthen the business position. 2) Quality parameter of the products will enhance customer base 3) The supports from the customers will increase market share as well T- Time Bound It will take one year to achieve these objectives. Table 1: SMART Objectives (Source: Created by Author) Tactics and Implementation The company has been concentrating on implementing such objectives by providing the customers extra benefits. For example, involving with the federal government is useful for the company to provide a particular amount for the Energy Saver appliances. This strategy is unique in compare to other digital electronic companies. The customers even can receive the electronic goods with proper warranty period. The company will also focus on the shipping process for delivering the orders on time. Achieving the customers satisfaction rate will help the business to increase the market share. References Abt Electronics, (2017). !company_name! | Company Profile from Hoovers. [online] Hoovers.com. Available at: https://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.abt_electronics_inc.a18d8f32e73aa4ed.html [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017]. Abt.com, (2017). Customer Experience at Abt Electronics. [online] Abt.com. Available at: https://www.abt.com/about/news/mediapost_051310 [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017]. Holliman, G., Rowley, J. (2014). Business to business digital content marketing: marketers perceptions of best practice.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,8(4), 269-293. Jrvinen, J., Karjaluoto, H. (2015). The use of Web analytics for digital marketing performance measurement.Industrial Marketing Management,50, 117-127.

Unlikely Alliance Memo free essay sample

Florabama is an energy venture classified as a variable interest entity (VIE) of its two investors – Meyer Inc. and Saban Company. Meyer and Saban own 60 percent and 40 percent of Florabama respectively and the profit and losses are split according to ownership percentage. According to the terms of the venture arrangement, Saban is permitted, but not required, to purchase up to 20 percent of the power produced by Florabama at cost plus. The cost-plus arrangement between Saban and Florabama represents a variable interest in that Saban absorbs variability in Florabama through the cost-plus pricing terms. The questions facing us are the following: Because Florabama is a variable interest entity, what are the business activities of Florabama that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance? And should the cost-plus arrangement between Saban and Florabama be considered in the determination of the consolidating entity? In this memo I will first discuss the issue of consolidation common to all alternatives, and then explain how Meyer Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Unlikely Alliance Memo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page r Saban Company could consolidate Florabama according to US GAAP. Finally, I will recommend which entity is the controlling interest, and in effect, should consolidate Florabama to its financial statements. Discussion of Alternatives In either alternative, there is no question that since Florabama is classified as a variable interest entity, it needs to be assessed whether Meyer or Saban is the VIE’s primary beneficiary according to ASC 810-10-25-38A. As defined in ASC 810-10-15, the primary beneficiary is an entity that consolidates the variable interest entity. In the past, the determination of the controlling financial interest was done by simply establishing which entity owned the majority of the subsidiary in question. Now according to ASC 810-10-25-38A, an entity is deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if it has both of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could both potentially be significant to the VIE. In the following two alternatives, Meyer and Saban will be analyzed for evidence of meeting the two characteristics to be appointed the primary beneficiary and consolidator of Florabama. US GAAP Alternative A: Meyer Inc. meets both of the characteristics of the primary beneficiary requirements as stated in ASC 810-10-25-38A and thus Florabama’s financials are consolidated up to Meyer Inc’s financial statements. In determining the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impacts the entity’s economic performance, the purpose and design of a legal entity must be evaluated (ASC 810-10-25-25). Through analysis of the business risks incurred in ASC 810-10-25-24, the most significant risk is the operations risk, commodity price risk, and also environmental risk. These risks are directly related to the strategic decisions regarding the operations of Florabama, such as operating and capital budgets, pricing of the power produced. These are the most significant activities regarding the economic performance of Florabama. According to the case information, these decisions are presented to the board and implemented by a simple majority vote among the ten members of the board of directors. Because Meyer has six board members out of the total ten board members, Meyer has â€Å"the power to direct the activities †¦ that most significantly impact [Florabama]’s performance† through the majority on the board of directors. The second characteristic of losses and benefits that could be potentially be significant to Florabama is simply the fact that Meyer receives 60 percent of the profits and incurs 60 percent of the losses. ASC 810-10-25-38 states that the characteristic is based off absorbing a majority of the losses and receive a majority of the expected residual returns. The important change from majority (paragraph 38) to significant (paragraph 38A) does not change the fact that the characteristic is met because of this 60 percent incurred benefits and losses from Florabama. US GAAP Alternative B: Saban Company meets both of the characteristics of the primary beneficiary requirements as stated in ASC 810-10-25-38A and thus Florabama’s financials are consolidated up to Saban Company’s financial statements. The activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Florabama can be determined to be the day-to-day operations of the business (revenues, expenses, etc). These decisions are defined as the CEO’s right and responsibility in the terms of governance. The CEO of Florabama continues to be an employee of Saban and as such, Saban is appointed the entity that holds the power to direct the activities that affect the economic performance of Florabama the most. The losses incurred and future expected benefits that could be significant to Florabama are attributable to Saban through a combination of 40 percent variable interest through ownership percentage and the cost-plus arrangement between Saban and Florabama. According to ASC 810-10-25-20, the cost-plus arrangement is a variable interest and as such, expected benefits and losses significant to Florabama are attributed directly to Saban. Recommendations US GAAP: We recommend Alternative A to account for the consolidation of Florabama. Both Meyer and Saban incur future significant losses and receive expected significant returns, so the main issue is the determination of which entity holds the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Florabama. These activities, as indicated in Alternative A through risk analysis, are the strategic decisions regarding the operations of Florabama, such as capital and operating budgets and the pricing of power produced. These activities are all implemented by the majority vote by the board of directors, so Meyer Inc. holds the power to direct these activities with six board members out of the ten total members. I recommend that Meyer Inc. is the primary beneficiary and controlling interest, and as such, has the obligation according to ASC 810-10 to consolidate its financial statements to include Florabama’s financials.

Operations and Process Management of EasyJet

Operations and Process Management of EasyJet Introduction EasyJet is a British airline offering domestic and international services across more than six hundred routes in over thirty-two countries. Based in London’s Luton Airport, the carrier enjoys a huge customer base due to its competitive quality services, customer care rapport, and increased employee motivation and retention (EasyJet Plc: At Glance n.d.).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Operations and Process Management of EasyJet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other four United Kingdom’s airports within which the carrier enjoys wide market base include Gatwick, Stansted, Southend, Bristol, and Edinburgh. Likewise, the carrier boasts of huge markets in Malpesa, Naples, Venice, Nice, Basel, and Geneva. Other areas of influence include Paris Orly, Paris Charles De Gaulle, Lisbon, Lyon, and Rome Fiumicino. In order to consolidate the market base, EasyJet Company has a series of clearly de fined goals and objectives. This paper seeks to explore the culture in EasyJet Company that drives it to success. Similarly, the paper seeks to understand the gaps that exist within the success structures that derail the company’s goals. At the end of the analysis, the paper gives recommendation for areas that require improvement to ensure EasyJet remains competitive in the provision of air travel services. Strategies for Success In order to execute these core values and ensure a high rate of return on investment, EasyJet employs various strategies for success. Some of the key strategies are highlighted below. Employee variables High performance culture EasyJet strives to develop a high performance culture in the provision of goods and services to its customers. In order to do this, the company promotes employee engagement, training, and appraisal to ensure adequate motivation. Such a setting together with high rewards for employees and instant appreciation structures ensure that EasyJet enjoys a competitive advantage over other players in the airline transport sector (Gostick and Elton 2012).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Employee engagement reviews and statistics help forms employee engagement programmes of the company. This approach takes place on an annual basis with continuous improvement to implement the outcomes of the surveys successfully. As Gostick and Elton (2012) observe, such employee examinations help the company evaluate individual goals and ambitions of the employees, thereby creating an avenue for the development of company goals and objectives within specified timeframes. Similarly, the company ensures inclusivity in job execution. In this context, EasyJet captains and non-technical staffs get additional day trainings and capacity building on leadership and management roles in the company. Such an initiative p lays a critical function in supporting the commercial objectives of the company. Effective communication culture For an organisation to achieve its strategic goals, it is important for the leaders to develop an effective open communication culture (Slack, Brandon-Jones, and Johnston 2013). EasyJet has an adequate internal and external communication structure that enables employees stay up-to-date with the business progress. The chief executive officer holds weekly call on the top management staff while the employees in the lower carders of management get updates from frequent news round-ups. In the same way, the executive management teams organise frequent base visits to communicate new strategies of management to the people on the ground. All these coupled with the community-based newsletter ensure a complete chain of communication from the company’s leaders to the consumers (Belasen 2000). Recognition and reward Reward and recognition plays an imperative role in recruitment and retention of employees as Armstrong (2012) denotes. Salary and wage reviews carried out annually with reference to the trending market rates ensure that employees’ packages are at per with the prevailing economic situations. The focus on cash and variable payment includes annual performance-based bonuses calculated depending on employee and company output levels and grants of company shares (Slack, Brandon-Jones, and Johnston 2013). In the company’s competitive recruitment segment, EasyJet employs an inclusive policy that ensures complete regards to affirmative action.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Operations and Process Management of EasyJet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Operational Process EasyJet has an established recruitment campaigns that ensures recruitment of the best human resource base. In the company’s recruitment policy, recruitment recommends flexible employment contr act for the cabin crew. This policy ensures continued growth in the company’s employee base. Currently, the company has more than seven hundred and fifty cabin crew and more than one hundred flexi crew pilots (EasyJet Plc: At Glance n.d.). With 38% internal recruitment structure, the management and administrative department of the company has more than three hundred functionalities (EasyJet Plc: Low Cost with Care and Convenience n.d.). Employee wellbeing culture Employee physical and psychological health influence company performance. Driven by the desire for maximum employee production, EasyJet Airline Company recognises employees’ wellbeing and wellness. Employee engagement terms takes into account an employee’s personal commitments, goals, and health status (Attridge 2005). Successful and profitable companies rely on an industrious and healthy workforce. In order to maintain the health status of the employee, EasyJet offer support to employees undergoing str essful situations, and those professional and social challenges. These it does through the Employee Assistance Programme under the human resource department. EasyJet anonymously assesses employees’ stress situations through a confidential reporting helpline set out for employees to report their concerns (Goldsby and Martichenko 2005). Total Quality Management (TQM) Employment of a highly productive workforce combined with great innovation and research avenues within EasyJet enables the technical and management staffs to develop viable innovative and creative ideas that seek to consolidate the customer base (Beyerlein and Beyerlein 2006). Low cost of travel and relatively cheap tickets of the business class remains the greatest innovative idea that continues to earn the company great profits. With the desire to capitalise on the frequent passengers using the economy class for business trips, EasyJet developed a low-cost ticketing system with increased carriage capacity. At the same time, increase in fleet and high number of international routes capitalised on the economic and business class with relatively high quality services, ensuring increased revenues.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under this model, low-cost passengers with frequent travels get the service provided in the premium class at relatively low costs (Dodgson and Gann 2008).  Low-cost-High fleet carriage ensures highly focused point flyers, limited flight schedules for the carriers, and increased number of refundable ticketless flights. Such a system consolidates the loyalty of the frequent business travellers within nine hundred mile destinations. For the fleet carriers, the model ensures maximum capitalisation of the aircraft capacity based on effective ground services, controlled flight schedules, reduced timeframes in the hauling stations, as well as a high number of flight trips between cities and secondary airports (EasyJet Plc: At Glance n.d.). These initiatives ensure that the aircraft take minimal time on the ground with high frequency flight times. Notably, increased number of flights increases the company’s earnings.  Moreover, the model provides simplified structures necessary f or efficiency at the workplace, especially in customer service provision. Efficient service delivery with a lean and productive human resource system translates to high productivity, leading to the competitive edge that EasyJet enjoys in the air travel industry. Similarly, in the process modelling, EasyJet maximise on the use of the Boeing 737 series (EasyJet Plc: Low Cost with Care and Convenience n.d.). With a large carrier and relatively simple navigation manual, the use of this series ensures that the company cuts costs of training and re-training of captains and pilots, replacing spare parts, and maintenance of the aircraft. With the processing model cutting down the cost related to carriage and aircraft maintenance, EasyJet enjoys high productivity and profit margins. The management has also created a culture of quality-service provision among employees. In this move, the principles of agile and lean leadership are evident. The management uses feedback from consumers to develo p fully new products in the airline. In addition, there exist a decentralised decision-making framework that helps in empowering employees in making responsible decisions in a timely manner. Supply Chain Management (SCM) Supply Chain Management (SCM) encompasses all activities that have to occur so that consumers get the right goods and services within a specified time schedule. SCM at EasyJet commence with the suppliers and closes with consumers. In a bid to deal with customers directly, EasyJet has cut down its supply chain; it primarily use downstream supply chain type of management. However, it occasionally uses upstream option to rent and purchase planes from Airbus and Boeing (Supply Chain Management 2009). In its SCM, the company uses the push strategy to initiate communication between the purchaser and the vendor. Advertisements at EasyJet create awareness among consumers, hence making them opt to use the products. This is a pull strategy of the SCM as used by the company. I n addition, the company has automated its services to increase efficiency within the supply chain, as well as reduce costs. (Supply Chain Management 2009) Service concept EasyJet boasts of a superior built-in business advantage. In order to hack away the overhead costs of production, EasyJet takes some of the unconventional approaches. For example, its modern 737 aircraft run on a relatively lower cost in comparison to the older versions. Reduction in cost is associated with increased number of seat in the EasyJet’s branded version of the aircraft. Similarly, a 737 airbus requires less training and retraining of crew thus reducing the cost of production. This unique approach allows the company to develop a cost per set model in comparison to competitors in the airline travel industry. In the seat sales model, prices start at very low levels and increases as the company registers more sales. However, it is important to note that relative price level for the seats remain lowe st in comparison to the competitors (O’Neil 2003). Capacity management and resource control EasyJet promotes seat-by-seat sales model through a series of initiative. Capacity management and controlled used of resources represent one of the underlying drivers of this model. The company eliminated the business class of passenger. In a conventional airliner running business class services, the maximum number of passengers in a 737 airbus stands at 109. However, EasyJet, after scrapping the business class modifies 737 airbuses to a capacity of 149 passengers. This helps reduce the cost of cabin crew overheads. Similarly, EasyJet runs a ticketless system of booking. This implies that the company engages directly with the passengers reducing the costs of contracting agents. Ticketless systems also reduce the frequency of delays passengers undergo when picking up their tickets. Contrary to many air travel carriers, EasyJet does not offer free food and snacks to the passengers. This helps cut down the cost of cabin overheads. All these factors coupled with avoidance of congested airports with delays help the company enjoy significant gains through the reduction of turnaround costs and maximum utilization of resources (O’Neil 2003). Quality Assurance As a management strategy, quality assurance focuses on providing confidence within the employee base. It stipulates a set of procedures and measures necessary to ensures quality standards and process that propels the company to develop goods and services beyond the customer expectations. Quality assurance entails all activities in the product design, development, production, and installation. In EasyJet’s quality assurance policy, the company has, pre-determined sets of standards required for effective quality control. This policy aims at detecting defective products especially in the fleet tools and aircraft machinery. As a result, the company manages to control the purchases of counterfeit products t hat jeopardize productivity (O’Neil 2003). EasyJet’s Four Vs and their Impacts on Organizational Performance Volume dimension This dimension involves the development of work systems and processes that improve productivity. Volume dimension is set out in the company’s manual; it defines clearly the output targets with specified timeframes (Wang 2009). In such a setting, structuring of volume goals lowers the unit costs of production since a large number of products take care of expenses like rent and other overhead costs. At EasyJet, the use of the Boeing 737 series ensures carriage of high number of business class passengers in relation to other aircrafts. The earning from extra passengers help cut down production costs. A typical Airbus A319 comes with one hundred and twenty-four seats. Variety dimension In this operational management dimension, companies strive to remain flexible in order to meet the dynamic demands of the customer. For the small business ente rprises, the major aim remains keeping up with the dynamic customer fashions, while for the multinational companies, consolidating the customer base in regards to loyalty plays a key role in this dimension (Noe and Noe 2012). In order to earn the best returns out of this dimension, it is mandatory for companies to employ adequate skilled staff for service improvement. For EasyJet, recruitment, employee training and development, and workforce retention structures play a significant role in executing this dimension. EasyJet boasts of committed, passionate, and selfless employees driven by the desire for increased output levels and improved customer care. Visibility dimension This dimension focuses on the level of expose a company gives to its operations and services. For example, with increased internet connectivity in the global markets, online marketing strategies are important drivers of this dimension. Major companies continue to use online platforms to maximise market sales. Easy Jet uses its online ticketless platform in order to maximise on the sales of seats in flight carriers. Online booking service increases the level of visibility of the company while maintaining accuracy, precision, and reliability in service delivery. Similarly, these electronic points of sale increase the rates of service delivery since they allow customers to choose from the wide variety of service under an automated checkout system. Variation dimension This takes care of the work output levels in regards to seasonality of service demands. In order to maximise sales volumes during the peak seasons without stretching the productivity levels of the existing staff, Phelps (2003) notes that major companies recruit part-time employees or short-term contractors to cover for the workforce deficit during peak seasons. EasyJet enjoys the use of this dimension, especially on the number of fleet cabin crews during the peak travel seasons (EasyJet Plc: Low Cost with Care and Convenience n.d.). Such recruitment structures eliminate the probability of high opportunity costs during the low seasons. Recommendation The rate of globalisation requires risky and daring global investments. Therefore, focusing on a limited area, confines a company’s profit levels. Inasmuch as EasyJet boasts of high number of destinations, its services are limited to only thirty-two countries. Creating global partnerships with other carriers in services delivery as they explore new parts of the world is a sector that requires prompt evaluation. Despite the difficulties that arise in exploring new markets, the company has the necessary resources to acquire new destinations in Africa, Asia, and the US. Creating partnerships with local carriers provides and ample avenue for accessing new markets as the company strives to conquer the global air transport services is one approach that can be of great help to the company’s sustainable growth (Pollack 2001). Conclusion EasyJet stands as the leading airliner without passengers connecting to destination via various hubs. Despite flying longer distances, the carrier ensures that passengers go through end-to-end journey structures. This ensures that the aircraft takes ore hours in the air than on the ground. Markedly, this strategy does not only seek to increase efficiency in passenger transports, but also acts as one of the innovative ideas with the widest base of multiplier advantages. If the company introduces a culture of profit making under the same circumstance it currently offer services, high value profit margins are achievable. Likewise, exploration of newer markets outside Europe acts a recipe for improved earnings. Putting together these personal traits within the innovation and creativity culture in the company’s policies ensures that EasyJet remain a major competitor in the air travel business. References Armstrong, M 2012, Armstrongs handbook of reward management practice improving performance through reward, Kogan Page, London. Attridge, M 2005, The integration of employee assistance, work/life, and wellness services, Haworth Press, New York. Belasen, A 2000, Leading the learning organisation: Communication and competencies for managing change, State University of New York Press, Albany, New York. Beyerlein, M., and Beyerlein, S 2006, Innovation through Collaboration, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley. Dodgson, M., and Gann, D 2008, The management of technological innovation: Strategy and practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford. EasyJet Plc: At Glance n.d. Web. EasyJet Plc: Low Cost with Care and Convenience n.d. Web. Goldsby, T., and Martichenko, R 2005, Lean Six Sigma logistics strategic development to operational success, Ross Publishers, Boca Raton. Gostick, A., and Elton, C 2012, All in: How the best managers create a culture of belief and drive big results, Free Press, New York. Noe, R., and Noe, R 2012, Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York. O’Neil, K 2003, EasyJet: Successfully exploiting the web. Web. Phelps, E 2003, Designing inclusion tools to raise low-end pay and employment in private enterprise, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pollack, M 2001, Transatlantic governance in the global economy, Rowman Littlefield, Lanham. Slack, N, Brandon-Jones A, and Johnston R 2013, Operations Management (7th ed.), Pearson, London. Supply Chain Management 2009. Web. Wang, Y 2009, ICCTP 2009 critical issues in transportation system planning, development, and management: August 5-9, Harbin, China, American Society of Civil Engineers,. Reston, Va.

Contribution of Capital in Growth Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Contribution of Capital in Growth - Assignment Example   b) In such a model, the growth rate of output is ∆y/y =(SAnd), and therefore arise in depreciation cause a reduction in an economies output and since the growth rate of capital is a function of such depreciation and since they the increase in depreciation decreases capital stock. And since consumption is relative to output a decrease in output impacts in a similar way to consumption as they are positively related. Therefore it can be seen that increase in depreciation will reduce the capital stock, in the long run, reducing capital, capital-output per worker and finally consumption.   At steady state the optimum capital is utilized and since the government takes up all the units produced. The labor force utilizes all the capital available which the government takes up as indicated by point A. Also at this point, the government saves nothing since it utilizes everything in purchasing the entire output.   b) increase in government purchases will cause an increase in productivity per worker but since the capital is a function of depreciation capital at the disposal of the workers will decrease in the long run causing a reduction in the output per worker and consequently a reduction in consumption an increase in â€Å"g† cannot even match the growth of population or labor force of an economy.

Management 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management 3000 - Essay Example In addition, the book is not only crucial for a manager and an aspiring manager but also to any individual willing to effectively learn important lessons crucial to their lives. The main theme of the book revolves around interpersonal skills on a broader perspective. However, I would divide the book into three, no actually four narrow categories, based on the achievement of the essential interpersonal skills to a manager. Of these four categories, the first one is the importance of self-awareness before seeking to understand others. Consequently, self-awareness is not something that you wake up one day and claim to have accomplished, something I have learned from the book. Apparently, self-awareness is an important and crucial skill that individuals need to conceptualize and acquire through a four-pronged approach. This covered the first unit and essentially the first four chapters in the book. I answered all the questions in these four chapters and I must say, although I read the chapters before answering the questions, there were instances that I found myself marking the wrong answer based on my personal biases. The second important thing I read pertains the need for individuals seeking to acquire interpersonal skills to learn how to work well with others in diversity. This unit covers the next four chapters of the book, that is, chapters five all the way to chapter eight. The questions are crucial to answering an individual’s perceptions about diversity. Thirdly, I read the other six chapters in the book based on the unit I would classify as understanding the team and its dynamics. This is essential for a manager who works with a team in their day-to-day operations, which effectively requires them to be knowledgeable of the dynamics controlling the team. Finally, the last unit I would call it the leadership unit. This is the actual unit that I would

Response Paper Guidelines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response Paper Guidelines - Essay Example In the opening section of the article, Fitzhugh maintains that he established a quarterly journal in 1987 in order to help other students and teachers measure the outcomes of education. Thus, the journal, The Concord Review, offers the students a chance to publish the exemplary high school history essays. Another forum founded by Fitzhugh, the National Writing Board was concerned with providing an independent assessment of high school research papers and he maintains that the students of history have made good use of it. In the following sections of the article, the author recounts the nature of students’ term papers, and the significance and consequences of writing such papers, etc. He also suggests the various ‘forces’ or hazards that dumb down writing and nonfiction reading in the high schools. According to Fitzhugh, the encouragement and publicity given to serious nonfiction academic writing are not sufficient and the endeavors such as The Concord Review are n ot able to survive due to ‘very little money and few subscribers’.

Pressure Sensor Controlled Valve Based Microcontroller In General Engineering Essay

Pressure Sensor Controlled Valve Based Microcontroller In General Engineering Essay A pressure sensor measures pressure, typically of gases or liquids. Pressure sensor can also be called as pressure transducers, pressure transmitters, pressure senders, pressure indicators and piezometers. Pressure sensors are used for control and monitoring in thousands of everyday applications. Pressure Sensor Controlled Valve based Microcontroller in General A pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller is a pressure sensing device that is capable of controlling a desired pressure up to the set point set by the user. Besides, the pressure sensing device also allows the user to monitor and control the entire process of the system by interfacing a Microcontroller with a PC Using RS232 and the PC Serial Port. Pressure sensor and valve are required to design pressure sensing device according to their task Nowadays pressure sensors can vary in design, performance, application suitability and cost. On the other hand, pressure sensors can be classified in term of pressure ranges they measure, temperature ranges of operation, and most importantly the type of pressure they measure. Valves are used to control conditions such as flow, pressure, temperature, and liquid level. The opening or closing of the valve is depend on the signals received from the controllers that compare a set point to a process variable where the value is obtain from the sensor that monitor the change of conditions. Besides, the opening and closing of the control valve is done by electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic system. A valve also can vary in design, pressure range and temperature range of the operation, application suitability and cost. Project Objective The main objective of this project is to design and construct a prototype of pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller. This prototype should have the following fundamental features: Able to control the pressure through the setpoint set by the user. Able to activate the alarm if the pressure is above a setpoint. Able to shutdown the whole process if the pressure is in critical pressure. Able to monitor the process of the control through PC. Upon successful implementation of these fundamental features, enhancements are added to improve the safety of this pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller. The first improvement is adding manual control function to make this control valve able to control by the user even the pressure sensor is fail to give a signal to the microcontroller. Besides, a backup battery is also added into the controller to provide power when there is absence of main power supply. The backup battery will power the circuit only in the event of failure. On the other hand, a temperature sensor will also be added into this pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller to maintain the optimum temperature of the gas. Project Overview The pressure sensor controlled valve based microcontroller is designed to control pressure either in gas or liquid medium in any suitable application. The pressure sensor will senses the pressure from the along the tube or pipe along the application. The bottom of the pressure sensor is connected with a T-Joint connector to the tube or pipe and the analog control signal from the pressure sensor will be connected to the analog port of microcontroller. The analog signal received by microcontroller will be analyzed by the microcontroller. The microcontroller will then control the control valve by with the signal received by the sensor. Besides, a temperature sensor (LM35) will also be added into the prototype to enhance the performance of the prototype. The temperature sensor will be mounted at the surface of the tube or pipe. The temperature sensor will sense the temperature of gas or liquids inside the tube or pipe and send a control signal to microcontroller. The analog control signal from the temperature sensor will be connected to the analog port of microcontroller. The microcontroller then will control the control valve according to the temperature received by sensor. Recently, serial port of computer slowly phase out from the market and to be replaced with USB. Nowadays, most developer will favor USB to serial converter to obtain virtual serial port. So, in order to for general and convenient use, a USB to UART converter (UC00A) which offers USB plug and play, direct interface with microcontroller will also be added to the prototype to create a monitoring system through PC. The Transmit Signal (TX) from UC00A will be connect to the microcontroller receiver pin (RX/RC7) . While the Receive Signal (RX) from UC00A will be connect to the microcontroller transmitter pin (TX/RC6) . Then, a GUI( Global User Interface) will be develop using Microsoft Visual Basic for user to monitor the process operation of the prototype. On the other hand, a backup battery of 24Vdc will also be connected parallel with the main power supply. This is to provide the prototype with a backup power supply when there is no power provided from main power supply .This is to prevent and protect the prototype from trip of circuit and critical shut down of the prototype that might cause damage to the hardware of the prototype. Besides, a LCD display (216 characters) is used to display the pressure and temperature measured from the sensors and indicates the condition or status of the control valve and the air compressor which useful for calibration, monitoring, debugging and testing. A buzzer is embedded in the prototype is used as an alarm when the pressure or temperature is above the setpoint set by the user. Project Scope and Methodology This project consisted both of the hardware and software implementation. According to the schedule, construction of the final prototype was ensured to achieve the projects objective. At the same time, software also designed to meet all the fundamental requirements. When the prototype that met the primary objectives was successfully constructed, the remaining projects duration was spent on enhancements of the prototype to make it more durable and reliable. In part one, projects objectives identification and planning had been done. After that, research on some the theoretical background of the project such as types of pressure sensor, temperature sensor, type and size of fittings and tube, types of control valve and the basic electric component for the controller that needed for this project. Electronic components were carefully selected to construct the prototype based of its functionality, reliability and cost. When hardware selection was finalized and decided, a layout for printed circuit board (PCB) was designed and fabricated. After that, a simple program was written to test, calibrate and debug the prototype to make it worked as described in the primary objective. In part two, further enhancements to the prototype were planned and implemented. The mechanical drawing of the prototype had been designed. The mechanical part of the hardware such as pressure sensor, tubing, fitting, control valve is joint up together and the wiring is connected to the into the main board(Controller) of the prototype. Besides, monitoring system of the operation is also embedded to the prototype to ease the user to monitor the operation using a PC in a control room. After all features, were completed, testing was undertaking to ensure the reliability of the whole system. Troubleshooting and debugging phase on software and hardware were necessary to make all the system become more reliable and safe. Structure of the Report This report is divided into six chapters. At the Chapter 1, Introduction to the project which includes Pressure Sensor Controlled Valve Based Microcontroller in general, Project objective, Project overview, Project scope and Methodology had been discussed. In Chapter 2, some theoretical background for this project will be explained and described in details. While in Chapter 3, how hardware designed of this project as well as their functions will be elaborated. Besides, Methodology used for design the hardware also will be discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4 described the Methodology for the software development of this project. Flow chart for the program will be showed and explained. Besides, equipment and tools used to design complete software also will be discussed in this chapter. In Chapter 5, results and discussion will be shown to explain how the pressure sensor control valves based microcontroller performs its operation. On the other hands, the problems encountered while designing the prototype either in hardware or software and how these problems solved will be also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 6 will be the summary and conclusion of the report whether all the fundamental requirements and objectives achieved for Final Year Project. Then, there will be a short recommendation or suggestion to further improve this project so that it can be used in various types of industry environment. Chapter 2: Theoretical Background 2.1 Introduction to Pressure Sensor A pressure sensor is one that will measure the pressure either gasses or liquids. Pressure is an expression of the force required to stop a fluid or gas from expanding, and it can be express as the equation below. [1] P=F/A Where: P  is the pressure, F  is the  normal force, A  is the area. Pressure Units can be expressed as the table below: Table 1: Pressure Unit 2.1.1 Types of Pressure Measurement Basically, pressures sensor can be classified in term of pressure ranges, temperature ranges and most importantly the pressure type. Pressure sensor can be classified in 5 types of pressure measurement which are : Absolute pressure sensor -Whereby the sensor measure the pressure relative to perfect vacuum pressure (0 Psi or no pressure) 2) Gauge pressure sensor -Whereby the sensor measure the pressure relative to given atmospheric pressure. For example when a tire pressure gauge read 0 Psi meaning to say there is 14.7 Psi (atmospheric pressure) in the tire. 3) Vacuum pressure sensor -The sensor is used to measure pressure less than the atmospheric pressure. 4) Differential pressure sensor -The sensor measures the difference between two or more pressures introduced as inputs to the sensing unit. 5) Sealed pressure sensor Whereby the sensor is used to measure the pressure relative to sea level pressure. 2.1.2 Types of Control Signal from Pressure sensor There are two types of Control signal from pressures sensor which are current output and voltage output signal. Current output normally ranged from 4-20ma while the voltage output normally ranged from 1-5Vdc or 1-6Vdc (The voltage output range mostly is depend by the manufacturer or the type of application). The current output and voltage output always start from 4ma and 1Vdc is to check whether the wiring of the pressure sensor is done correctly and to check whether there is faulty at the pressure sensor. For example, if the pressure sensor output a current below 4ma or 1Vdc, we have to check at the pressure sensor because they might be faulty at the pressure sensor. The current output control signal is widely used in many kind of industry compared to voltage output control signal. This is because there is no voltage drop when current output control signal travel a very long distance compare to voltage output control signal. When travelling at a very long distance, voltage output control signal will have disadvantage due to the resistance of the long wire will cause a voltage drop and might give an inaccurate result to the controller. So, the current output control signal tends to give a more accurate result compare to voltage output control signal. Due to limitation at PIC microcontroller which only has Analog-to-Digital Converter, so a voltage output control signal will be more suitable for the project. Types of Application of Pressure sensor A pressure sensor can be widely used in many types of application.For example: [2] 1) Pressure Sensing -The pressure is measure directly using pressure sensors. This is very useful in oil and gas industry, cars, aircraft, and other machinery that has a pressure functionality implemented. 2) Leak Testing -A pressure sensor can be used to sense the decay of pressure due to a system leak. This is done by either comparison to a known leak using differential pressure, or by means of utilizing the pressure sensor to measure pressure change over time. 3) Level Sensing A pressure sensor can also be used to calculate the level of a fluid. This technique is commonly employed to measure the level of contents in a tank (such as in a water tower). For most practical purposes, fluid level is directly proportional to pressure. In the case of fresh water where the contents are under atmospheric pressure, 1psi = 27.7 inH20 / 1Pa = 9.81 mmH20. The basic equation for such a measurement is P  =  p  *  g  *  h Where P = Pressure, p = Density of the Fluid, g = Standard Gravity, h = Height of fluid column above pressure sensor Introduction to Valve A valve is device that is used to regulate the flow of a fluid or gasses by opening and closing or partially obstructing various passageways. A valve can be operating either in manual operation or automatic operation driven by change in pressure, temperature or flow. For manual operation, the opening and closing of the valve is control by using hand wheel, lever or pedal using human force. Meanwhile for the automatic operation, the opening and closing of the valve is control using an actuator .An actuator will stroke the valve depending on its input and set-up, allowing the valve to be positioned accurately, and allowing control over a variety of requirements. Nowadays, Actuators are widely used for the purposes of automatic control such as in washing machine cycles, remote control such as the use of a centralised  control room, or because manual control is too difficult such as when the valve is very large. [3] 2.2.1 Types of Actuator in the Valve Valve can be classified on how they are actuated. Among them are: [3] Hydraulic Pneumatic Manual Solenoid Motor For a hydraulic system actuator valve is normally used to control a high pressure while Pneumatic system actuator valve is normally used to control a medium pressure in application. Meanwhile low pressure, solenoid or motorized system actuator valve can be used. 2.2.2 Application of Valve Valve can vary widely in form and application. The size of the valve is typically range from 0.1mm to 60cm. Some special valve can have a diameter exceeding 5 metres. The cost for a valve is depending on types of the design, material build, range of temperature and pressure and manufacturer. When a designer, engineer, or user decides to use a valve for an application, he/she should ensure the rated maximum temperature and pressure are never exceeded and that the wetted materials are compatible with the fluid the valve interior is exposed to. [3] The industries in which the majority of valves are used are oil and gas, power generation, water reticulation, sewerage and chemical manufacturing. [3] 2.3 Introduction to Tubing Tubing is pipe or a hollow cylinder for the transmission of fluid (liquid or gas). The term of pipe and tubing can be interchangeable although there are minor distinctions exist- basically, tubing imply tighter engineering requirements than pipe. Both pipe and tubing can be varies in different rigidity and permanence. For examples, a hose is normally portable and flexible. Besides, tubing and pipe can be specified by standard pipe size designation. Types of tubing are specified by the actual inside diameter, outside diameter and the wall thickness. [4] 2.3.1 Types of Tubing Basically, there are few types of tubing can be used in industry. Among them are: Copper Tubing Stainless Steel or Aluminium Tubing Plastic Tubing For copper tubing, there are two basic types of copper tubing, soft copper and rigid copper. Copper tubing can be joined using flare connection, compression connection, or sweat (solder). Soft copper tubing can be bent easily to travel around obstacles in the path of the tubing while a rigid copper cannot be bent and must use  elbow fittings  to go around corners or around obstacles. Soft copper is the most popular choice for refrigerant lines in  split-system  air conditioners and heat pumps while rigid copper is most popular choice for water line. [5] For Aluminium Tubing, it is sometimes used in industry because it is resistance to corrosion and solvents, and for its ductility. Besides, aluminium cannot create sparks when there is a transmission of flammable solvent and the weight for aluminium is lighter compare to steel and iron which make it suitable to use in many types of industry. [5] Aluminium tubing can be joined using flare connection, compression connection, or sweat (solder). Aluminium tubing can be used for heat transfer tubing such as in refrigerant systems. [6] For Plastic Tubing, there are few types of plastic tubing which are PVC(polyvinyl chloride) and CPVC, Polyethylene, Rigid Polypropylene, ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and Nylon tubing. The most popular for plastic tubing is PVC. It is rigid, and uses thread or glue connections. Besides, it is available in several of pressure range. [5] Plastic tubing is widely used for its light weight, chemical resistance, non-corrosive properties, and ease of making connections. [6] 2.3.2 Types of Tube Fittings There are many types of connection methods for tubing application in industry. The four most common types of tube fttings connections are: Compression Tube Fittings Flare Fittings Bite-Type Tube Fittings Mechanical Grip-Type Tube Fittings The Compression Tube Fitting was the first tube fitting to be introduced, which consist of three components: nut, body and gasket ring or ferrule. The disadvantages of compression tube fittings was it can withstand only minimal pressure and the remake is very difficult due to the contrustion of the sealing ring. [7] CompressionTube Fitting The Flare Fitting was the another variation in tube fittings designs. The fittings is made up from a nut, sleeve and body with a flare or coned end. During installation of a tubing, a special flaring tools are usually required .The disadvantages of flare fittings is that flaring of the tubing may cause stress riser at the base of the flare or cause the axial cracks on thin tubing. [7] Flare Fitting For Bite-Type Tube Fitting , it is used to accommodate higher pressure application over the compression tube fitting design. The fittings is typically made up with a nut, body and ferrule(s) having a sharp leading edge, which give bites into the skin of the tubing to achieve griping and holding ability. There are two types of design for bite-type tube fittings which are the single ferrule and twin ferrule design. In single ferrule bite, the nose of the ferrule performs two functions. The first function is to bite into the tube to hold it and second function is to provide a sealing element for the coupling body.In twin ferrule bite, the back ferrule is used to bite and provide gripping into tube and the front ferrule is used for sealing element for the coupling body. [7] Single-Ferrule Bite-Type Two-Ferrule Bite Type Meanwhile for Mechanical Grip-Type Tube Fittings are typically two-ferrule in design. The front ferrule is used to seals by coining the surface of the tubing and coupling body. While the back ferrule is used holding action. The back ferrule grip the tube for a distance just out-board from tube holding point of the ferrule nose to enhance vibration resistance. The main advantanges of this design compare to the bite-type fittings is that break and remake of the fitting after installation can be more successfully accomplished without damage to either the fitting components or the tubing. [7] Mechanical- Grip Type 2.4 Introduction to Pipe Thread Basically ,there are two types of standard for pipe thread which are : British Standard Pipe- BSP American National Pipe-NPT/NPS Both of British Standard pipe and American National Pipe is designated by trade size rather than actual diameter. Under BSP, there are two basic types of BSP threads which are the BSPT (British Standard Pipe Taper) which is also know as R threads and BSPP (British Standard Pipe Parallel) which is also known as G threads. Both of the BSPT and BSPP have the same thread angle, shapre and pitch ( threads per inch). The only difference for BSPT and BSPP is BSPT threads are tapered and BSPP threads are straight ( parallel). BSP thread have a 55o include angle and have rounded peaks and valleys. On the other hands, for NPT, there are also two basic types of national pipe threads which are NPT ( National Pipe Taper) abd NPS ( National Pipe Straight) . Both NPT and NPS have the same thread angle, shape, and pitch (threads per inch).   However, NPT threads are tapered and NPS threads are straight (parallel).   Both threads have a 60 ° included angle and have flat peaks and valley 2.4.1 NPT vs BSP Pipe NPT thread are widely used in United State but, BSP thread are more widely used in many other countries.The actual specified outside diameters of American National Pipe is slightly different from British Standard Pipe,.NPT/NPS and BSP thread are not compatible with each another. This is due to the differences in their thread forms and pitch . NPT/NPS threads have a 60 ° included angle and have flattened peaks and valleys while a BSP threads have a 55 ° included angle and have rounded peaks and valleys As conclusion, never ever try to mate a BSP fittings with an NPT or NPS fittings if the pressure holding capability is at all critical. CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE AND SETUP DESIGN In this chapter, the hardware components used to setup the hardware would be elaborated and discussed. Each components features and its operation were studied before proceed to the hardware design. These components were tested on breadboard individually with simple program. The main purpose of this is wanted to determine components and algorithms used are work and function properly. Based on these algorithms, a complete program could be designed to make all the components work in the correct manners. The details about software methodology will be explained at next chapter. After all the hardware components passed the testing, a proper design of Printed Circuit Layout (PCB) was needed. A good and neat design of the PCB would ensure all the components work stability and properly to achieve the project primary objectives. During this stage, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) theory had studied to prevent undesired manners such as noise or crosstalk occurred in the PCB board. Besides , the design drawing of hardware prototype is also had been studied before assembling the hardware prototype. At the last stage, the tubing, fittings, valve, pressures sensor and pressure gauge is assemble carefully in order to prevent gasses leakage from prototype. 3.1 Microcontroller Unit (MCU) A microcontroller is a computer system that runs on a single integrated circuit. It usually consists of Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory unit and Input/Output (I/O) modules. Apart from these, a MCU also contains timers, counters and interrupt scheduling circuitry. Microcontrollers are widely applied in the robotics and embedded system controllers. Different microcontroller models may offer extra peripherals and registers for some applications (eg. UART, SPI, I2C and etc.). They usually run in a fixed oscillating frequency. There are advanced microcontrollers which are 32-bits microcontroller developed nowadays. But, 8-bit microcontrollers are usually sufficient to design a small embedded controller. In this project, Microchip microcontroller had been chosen due to its extra features. For instance, PIC had built-in ADC module to ease the analog to digital signal converting and Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) module to communicate with PC. 3.2 Microchip PIC Microcontroller PIC stand for Peripheral Interface Controller. Until now, Microchip had developed and manufactured multiple families of PIC microcontroller in different packages. They are several families in a certain category such as PIC10, PIC12, PIC16, and PIC18 in 8-bit PIC microcontrollers, PIC24F, PIC24H, dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 in 16-bit PIC microcontrollers and PIC32 in 32-bit PIC microcontroller. The PIC microcontroller that is used in this project is PIC16F877A. One of the reason this PIC microcontroller was choosen because it is in 40-pin DIP package. It was also chosen because it is powerful and yet easy to program CMOS FLASH with only 25 single word instructions based 8-bit microcontroller. With the 20MHz operating frequency, the PIC only need only 200 nanoseconds to execute and instruction.

Comparing Social Commentary in Dover Beach, Second Coming, and Church Going :: compare and contrast essay examples

Comparing Social Commentary in Dover Beach, Second Coming, and Church Going Human society has always struggled with the conflict of faith versus technology. Faith has always been a symbol of order, and increasing technology has always been the scapegoat for "mere anarchy." When faith ebbs, technology or new scientific concepts are blamed. Technology is a convenient target because when people lose faith in the church, science is a hard-based, factual thing in which to believe. The increasing chaos in society can be blamed on the decreasing faith in religion that has been shifted to technology. After the fall of the Roman Empire, European society was in chaos. Since no other civilizing force in which to believe was in existence, when the Roman Catholic Church made itself a organizing power, it set up a precedent that attached itself to the mind set for the next few centuries. Religious beliefs are synonymous with the "calm" and the peace that relieve life's turmoil. For a long period of time, there was no other steadying force, so "the Sea of Faith" was the sole source for easing "the turbid ebb and flow of human misery." Tradition has kept this view of religion popular. Still, religion itself cannot hold the attention of human society forever. Eventually, as displayed in "Dover Beach," faith in religion and its structure will fade in the light of new ideas and new human inventions. Society's faith cannot always be "full" because as civilizations grow individuals become more independent. They begin to think for themselves, which causes life to become more subjective. With less imposed structure, individuals will determine that they do not subscribe to all of what their predecessors believed, and they are left "wondering what to look for." Technology often replaces religion because it is far more tangible than the concepts of organized religion that require blind faith. It is easier to believe in something touchable. In "Church Going," this attitude is examined. A wistfulness for a time when faith came easier is apparent, but there is also "an awkward reverence" for the ways of religion even if they are no longer believed. Once people place their faith in technology rather that something spiritual, they will find that while technology is concrete, it does not provide guidance for social behavior or the human spirit as most religions do. In "The Second Coming" the world is spinning out of control.

Pychology in Daily life Experiences Essay

Introduction Many people might doubt that how can psychology relate to our life? There come up with the answer to support everybody’s confusion. The psychological research has indicated that the cause of every experience: your physical and mental health, ability to form close relationships endurance, capacity for learning and personal growth.(Richard J.Gerrig & Philip G Zimbardo , 2008)All of these are related to our daily life. Though the psychological theories, we are able to learn ourselves by scientific explanation. Stress -Changes Hans Selye defines stress ass the nonspecific response of the body to any demand on it.;the arousal ,both physical and mental ,to situation or event that we perceive as threatening or challenging. In our daily life, stress might come from the on-set situation or off-set situation.( Hans Selye,2011) For example, even lecturer mentioned the date of exam, when the day is near ,I will feel very stress also. On the other hand, if lecturer sudden announces that we are going to have pop-quiz immediately. With no doubt ,it will be the causes of my stress. As you can see, the root of stress is changes in life. Even the changes are kind of positive things. When I knew I was accepted by UCSI University, at the moment I was very happy. Latter on, all the possible situation come up in my mind. Am I able to adapt the new environment? Am I able to pass all the subjects? We all wish to have smooth life, but these positive or negative changes are the challenges to our life. Sensory adaptation Sensory adaptation is repeated or constant stimulation decreases the number of sensory messages sent to the brain ,which causes decreased sensation.(Living psychology )For example, the things happened at the moment after the PE class,all the students with sweating body go into the class room with air conditioning room.The body odor will full fill with the room gradually. People in the room might not aware of the smell, but when I came in the class room , I complained the uncomfortable smell. After I stayed in the class for a while, my sensory was tired of the odor. Then I won’ complain the smell anymore. Controlled process The controlled process is the mental activities requiring focused attention that generally interferes with other ongoing activities ( Huffan. K,1999.). Whenever I have performed on the stage, I have to concentrate on myself. Pay attention on what is the next step,what is the next posture .There is no time and strictly not allowed to think of other things such as how does audience response and how do judges score. Only until the end of performance I can think f these things. Automatic process Automatic process is activities requiring minimal attention and having little impact on other activites.( Huffan,K ,1999).I have an experience that working at restaurant cashier. The restaurant I worked has a cash machine .The first month of work was terrible. I was so scary to touch the button.It made me frustrated all the time. The amount of money numbers full of my mind .I dare not to count wrongly to company’s property.Whenever I stand in front of cash machine I always sweating. All these thing I got though it after I worked there for eight months. Later on,I was not only can control the cash machine easily but also can talk to the customer in the same time. Gate-control theory The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological â€Å"gate† the blocks pain signals from the brain when flooded by competing signals.(Saul Kassin,1995) Ex. Wearing high heels actually killing me so much, but the pain didn’t bother us during I wear them out to show off my beautiful high heels. Another experience is monthly period. Whenever our â€Å"Best friend â€Å"coming, it is a difficult time for girls. Most of the girls will not to focus on the pain instead of keep thinking the pain. Conclusion To sum up, finding myself by psychology theories is somehow interesting. Just discover the reasons that why is my behavior acting so. Describing by science method is more convictive. After learning the basic psychology, now I start to observe people surrounding in my life. Try to explain their behavior and discuss with my friends. I found myself can tolerant people more than before. I can understand the people whose behavior are not accepted by me .Actually everyone has their different childhood background or genetic reasons. Learning psychology is not only learn the knowledge but also improve our self-development. Reference Richard J.Gerrig & Philip G Zimbardo .(2008).Psychology and life.(8th ed). United State of America.:Pearson Education Hans Selye. (2011). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/533770/Hans-Selye Huffan,K(1999).Living psychology. America .US Palomar College Saul Kasin(1995)Pychology.U.S. William Collage

Book Keeping Essay

Book keeping it also referred as the keeping of book. Book keeping is the process of keeping full, accurate, up-to-date business records. Proper methods can help businesses effectively manage cash flow, stay abreast of profit and losses, and develop plans for the future based on financial trends. Furthermore, keeping accurate book is required by both federal and local tax agencies. The book keeping process involves making a record of the monies received by a business as well as the monies paid out. It encompasses money a company owes to vendors, employees, tax agencies, contractors, and any other individual or entity. Likewise, accurate records of amounts owed to a company by outside individuals and organizations are also recorded in a company’s books. Though necessary and beneficial to business owners, the task can be very time consuming. With no exceptions, every monetary amount that is paid or received must be recorded. Additionally, accuracy is of the utmost importance, making keeping the books in a rushed manner a very bad idea. As business owners are often lacking in time, many choose to hire professional bookkeepers to keep company records well maintained. Of the many reasons for keeping accurate records, business and income taxes are among the most important. In the United States, for example, the Internal Revenue Service requires business owners to keep financial records that are complete and up-to-date. State and city tax agencies may require businesses to maintain accurate records as well. In fact, a business owner who fails to keep acceptable financial records may be liable for significant monetary fines or other penalties. A company’s books are used to determine the amount of taxes the company must pay, and they are also used in preparing tax returns. Sometimes, a tax agency may decide to investigate the information reported on a return or other type of tax-related document. In such cases, business owners are required to present accurate records for the tax agency’s inspection. Failure to do so could lead to hefty fines, penalties, or in severe cases, imprisonment. Although hiring bookkeeping professionals may be a good idea for many companies, not all business owners can afford to do so. This is particularity true of smaller, home-based, or start-up businesses. Fortunately, there are many computer programs designed to make the task of keeping the books manageable and less time consuming. Many programs handle all of the calculations for the user, taking the worry out of keeping accurate figures. Available even to those on tight budgets, this software makes record keeping easy. (N. Madison, 2013, Wise Geek.)[online] ACCOUNTING CYCLE The accounting cycle is often described as a process that includes the following steps: identifying, collecting and analyzing documents and transactions, recording the transactions in journals, posting the journalized amounts to accounts in the general and subsidiary ledgers, preparing an unadjusted trial balance, perhaps preparing a worksheet, determining and recording adjusting entries, preparing an adjusted trial balance, preparing the financial statements, recording and posting closing entries, preparing a post-closing trial balance, and perhaps recording reversing entries. Cycle and steps seem to be a carryover from the days of manual bookkeeping and accounting when transactions were first written into journals. In a separate step the amounts in the journal were posted to accounts. At the end of each month, the remaining steps had to take place in order to get the monthly, manually-prepared financial statements. Today, most companies use accounting software that processes many of these steps simultaneously. The speed and accuracy of the software reduces the accountant’s need for a worksheet containing the unadjusted trial balance, adjusting entries, and the adjusted trial balance. The accountant can enter the adjusting entries into the software and can obtain the complete financial statements by simply selecting the reports from a menu. After reviewing the financial statements, the accountant can make additional adjustments and almost immediately obtain the revised reports. The software will also prepare, record, and post the closing entries. (Harold,A.2013,Accounting Coach.)[online]. SOURCE DOCUMENTS Source documents are documents, such as cash slips, invoices, etc. that form the source of (and serve as proof for) a transaction. In other words, they are the first documents that exist relating to a transaction. Invoices, cash slips, receipts, check counterfoils, bank deposit slips ,credit notes ,debit notes ,voucher , purchase orders and even internet payment confirmations are all source documents. For example: Invoices Credit Notes Receipts Voucher Purchase orders BOOK OF PRIME ENTRY Book of prime entry is book used in recording transaction. Books of prime entry are also known as books of original entry or subsidiary books. Types of books of prime entry: Books of prime entry are also known as either ‘journals’ or ‘daybooks’. The term ‘day book’ is, perhaps, more commonly used, as it more clearly indicates the nature of these books of prime entry – entries are made to them every day. The commonly used books of prime entry are: Sale Day Book /Sale Journals –Sale journals is to record credit sales. Purchases Day Book/Purchases Journals –Purchases journals is to record credit purchases. Sales Return Day Book/Return In Journals –Return in journals is to record returns from customers. Purchases Return Day Book/Return Out Journals –Return out journals is to record returns to suppliers. General journal/The journal –The journal is to record other transactions. The cashbook is a combined account of the cash account and the bank account. It is the only one of the six daybooks that is both an account and a daybook at the same time. Apart from the cashbook, all the other double-entry accounts are kept in one of the three ledgers. Example for 3 Column Cash Book LEDGER (T-ACCOUNT) The ledger is a collective term for the accounts of a business. (A ledger of accounts is like a school of fish). The accounts are in the shape of a ‘T’ and thus are often referred to as ‘T-accounts’. In this step we take all the debits and credits (journals) relating to one account – let’s say ‘bank’ – and draw up an account for bank that shows all the transactions relating to it. The different types of ledgers most businesses use are: Sale Ledgers –Sale ledgers is to record customers account balance. Purchases Ledgers –Purchases ledgers is to record suppliers account balance. General Ledgers –General ledgers is to record miscellaneous account. Example: PETTY CASH BOOK The petty cash book is used to record the changes to the petty cash fund – both money put into the fund and money taken out. The fund is commenced with a petty cash advance cheque and topped up with a reimbursement cheque at the end of each petty cash period.The petty cash book is prepared from the petty cash vouchers, as well as the details from the advance and reimbursement cheque butts. The petty cash book is prepared from: –advance (and/or reimbursement) cheque butt/s –completed and authorised petty cash vouchers. The totals can be checked by cross-adding related column totals.The total of the vouchers (Cash Payments column total) added to the balance left in the petty cash fund (Balance column) should always equal the imprest amount. TRIAL BALANCE A sheet displaying all the accounts of a business, drawn up as a trial (test) of whether the total of all the debit balances equal the total of all the credit balances (A balance is the amount of an item at a point in time. For example, The balance in the bank account on the 1st of January was $5,000.). The trial balance is prepared as a final check just before the financial statements are drawn up. The trial balance is our penultimate step in the accounting cycle. Example for Trial Balance: FINAL ACCOUNT Final accounts are all of the financial statement for a business or company at the end of the fiscal or calendar year, on whichever the business calendar the company operates. The statements for the final accounts show the gross profit and net income of the company. A number of accounts are included, such as the profit and loss statement for the business, the balance sheet, and the trading account. The profit and loss statement tracks all of the income that comes into the company, as well as the expenses that the company pays out. The profit and loss statement covers a specific period — typically the fiscal year, but it can also cover the calendar year. It shows how revenue becomes net income, and whether or not the company made money for the year. While the company tracks these figures throughout the year, the final accounts include the statement for the cumulative fiscal or calendar year. The balance sheet is another one of the business financial statements that are prepared as part of the final accounts process when the year closes out. The balance sheet provides a quick look at how the company is doing at that specific moment in time, at the end of the year. In addition to assets and liabilities, a balance sheet also includes information on shareholder equity. Trading accounts cover profits and losses incurred from trading securities. Many companies invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds and other types of investment funds. The final accounts for the trading account show the amount of gain or loss from these investments at the end of the year that the company runs on. Final accounts and the statements that make up these accounts typically help companies to prepare their various tax returns. If the company accountant prepares the tax statements, then the accountant prepares these statements for his or her own use. If the company hires an outside accountant or accounting firm, then the statements for the final accounts are handed over to the third party, so they have the information they need to prepare the company’s tax returns and any of tax paperwork that is required. (Kristie,L and Wilborn,C.2013,Wise Geek)[online] INCOME STATEMENT A financial statement that measures a company’s financial performance over a specific accounting period. Financial performance is assessed by giving a summary of how the business incurs its revenues and expenses through both operating and non-operating activities. It also shows the net profit or loss incurred over a specific accounting period, typically over a fiscal quarter or year. Also known as the â€Å"profit and loss statement† or â€Å"statement of revenue and expense.† Example for Income Statements: STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION A statement of financial position, also known as a balance sheet, is a financial document that provides an overview of an entity’s finances at a given point in time. These statements are commonly used by companies large and small, but they can also be applied to personal finances, for people who want to generate a document that they can use to review their financial situation for the purpose of making budgeting decisions or financial plans. Many accounting software programs have mechanisms to automatically create one. There are two main areas on a statement of financial position. One covers the assets, everything owned by the person or company, including real estate, cash in hand, contents of bank accounts, and so forth. The other side includes the liabilities, funds owed. A statement usually breaks these sections up into several categories for ease of reference, so that people can quickly look up a topic of particular interest, such as accounts payable or overdue loans. The liabilities also include the ownership equity or the shareholder equity in the business. The assets should equal the liabilities once the ownership or shareholder equity has been factored in, and if they do not, it is a sign that the financial statement is out of balance. This is in accordance with the accounting equation, which states that assets = liabilities + ownership or shareholder equity. Incidentally, this explains the term â€Å"balance sheet,† which reflects the idea that the two sections of the sheet should be equal or balanced. Commonly, a statement of financial position will be generated at the end of every month. Looking up past months can provide information about how a company’s finances are progressing, and these documents can also be compared with statements from the same month in prior years. Using this document, decisions can be made about the next steps to take. If, for example, a company has a lot of assets, it may be a sign that it can comfortably expand because it has the available capital to do so. Companies that are publicly traded must provide public disclosures about their financial health, including statements of financial position. These are provided to shareholders by request and are also commonly published to make them readily accessible to prospective investors. If a company has a website, they might be found on a section of the website that includes documents that the company is required to disclose by law. (Smitch,S. and Wallace,O.2013,Wise Geek)[online] Example for Statement of Financial Position: CONCLUSION Book keeping is important to proper accounting records because proper methods can help businesses effectively manage cash flow, stay abreast of profit and losses, and develop plans for the future based on financial trends. Furthermore to complete the financial account, accounting cycle are used. The accounting cycle included source of document, books of prime entry, ledgers, trial balance and the final accounts. REFERENCE 1. Anon.2013,Book of Prime Entry and Ledgers.[online].Available from World Wide Web: http://principlesofaccounting2.com/topics/books-of-prime-entry-and-ledgers/ [Accessed 05/07/2013] 2. Anon.2013,The Accounting Cycle.[online].Available from World Wide Web: http://www.accounting-basics-for-students.com/accounting-cycle.html [Accessed 05/07/2013] 3. Anon.2013,Income Statement.[online].Available from World Wide Web: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/incomestatement.asp [Accessed 05/07/2013] 4. Beanne,O.2013,The Complete Accounting Cycle.[online].Available from World Wide Web: http://youraccountingcoach.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-complete-accounting-cycle.html. [Accessed 25/01/2013]